By Dr. Asima Zaman, Dr. Zeeshan Ghias Khan, Dr. Farzana
Abstract:
Background
Breast density plays a crucial role in mammographic sensitivity
and overall screening performance. Despite Gilgit-Baltistan’s
distinct demographic, lifestyle, and ethnic characteristics, there
is no prior published data on breast density distribution in this
region. GINOR Cancer Hospital Gilgit began structured
screening services in 2025, allowing assessment of local breast
density trends and their relationship with age and menstrual
status.
Objective
To determine the distribution of ACR BI-RADS breast density
categories among asymptomatic women aged ≥35 years
undergoing screening mammography at GINOR Cancer
Hospital Gilgit in September and October 2025, and to evaluate
associations between breast density, age, and menstrual status.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted at GINOR Cancer
Hospital Gilgit, including 150 asymptomatic women aged
35–75 years undergoing screening mammography in
September and October 2025. Breast density was categorized
based on ACR BI-RADS 5th Edition (A–D). Menstrual status
was recorded as premenopausal, perimenopausal, or
postmenopausal. Age distribution and associations with density
patterns were analyzed descriptively.
Results
A total of 150 women were included (mean age 51.5 ± 12.9
years, range 35–75).
Breast Density Distribution (n = 150):
Category A: 37 (24.6%), Category B: 53 (35.3%), Category C:
40 (26.6%)Category D: 20 (13.3%)
Overall, 60 patients (40%) had dense breasts (C + D).
Menstrual Status Distribution:
– Premenopausal: 51 (34%)
– Perimenopausal: 27 (18%)
– Postmenopausal: 72 (48%)
Associations:
Premenopausal women showed a higher proportion of dense
breasts (C–D) compared to postmenopausal women.
Postmenopausal women predominantly exhibited fatty or
low-density breasts (A–B). Younger women (35–49 years) had
a clearly higher percentage of dense breast categories than
women aged ≥50.
Conclusion:
This initial breast screening dataset from GINOR Cancer
Hospital Gilgit demonstrates that 40% of asymptomatic
women have dense breasts, with density strongly associated
with younger age and premenopausal status. The proportion of
dense breasts in this Gilgit-Baltistan cohort is consistent with
trends seen in Asian populations. These findings highlight the
importance of adjunct ultrasound, awareness regarding dense
breast implications, and development of risk-adapted screening
pathways for women in the region.