By Dr. Asghar H. Asghar
Abstract:
Objective:
This study aims to compare three-dimensional
conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated
radiotherapy (IMRT) in breast cancer patients, focusing on
dosimetric parameters, clinical outcomes, and toxicity profiles.
Methods: A total of 200 post-operative breast cancer patients
were included, with 100 patients treated using 3DCRT and 100
using IMRT. Dosimetric evaluation included target volume
coverage, dose homogeneity, and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing.
Acute and late toxicities were assessed using standardized
criteria, and treatment-related side effects were compared
between the two groups.
Results:
IMRT demonstrated superior dose homogeneity and
conformity compared to 3DCRT, with significantly reduced
doses to the heart and lungs, particularly in left-sided breast
cancer patients. Acute skin toxicity (≥ grade 2) was lower in the IMRT group (30%) compared to the 3DCRT group (45%). Late
toxicity, including fibrosis and lymphedema, was also reduced
in the IMRT group. However, IMRT required higher monitor
units, leading to increased low-dose radiation exposure.
Conclusion: IMRT offers improved target coverage and better
OAR sparing while reducing acute and late toxicity compared
to 3DCRT. However, its higher complexity and resource
requirements must be considered. Further follow-up is needed
to evaluate long-term oncologic outcomes and potential
secondary malignancy risks.